Description
The Basmala also known by its incipit Bi-smi llāhi, ” In the name of God” is the Islamic phrase bi-smi llāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīmi (بِسْمِ ٱللّٰهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيم) “In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.”
It is written in Thuluth and designed with Tazhib.
Thuluth is a script variety of Islamic calligraphy invented by Ibn Muqlah Shirazi.The straight angular forms of Kufic were replaced in the new script by curved and oblique lines. In Thuluth, one-third of each letter slopes, from which the name (meaning “a third” in Arabic) comes. An alternative theory to the meaning is that the smallest width of the letter is one third of the widest part. It is an elegant, cursive script, used in medieval times on mosque decorations. Various calligraphic styles evolved from Thuluth through slight changes of form.
Persian art or Iranian art has one of the richest art heritages in world history and has been strong in many media including architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking and sculpture. At different times, influences from the art of neighbouring civilizations have been very important, and latterly Persian art gave and received major influences as part of the wider styles of Islamic art.
Tazhib (Tezhip) , An illuminated manuscript, is a manuscript in which the text is supplemented with such decoration as initials, borders (marginalia) and miniature illustrations. In the strictest definition, the term refers only to manuscripts decorated with either gold or silver; but in both common usage and modern scholarship, the term refers to any decorated or illustrated manuscript from Western traditions. Comparable Far Eastern and Mesoamerican works are described as painted. Islamic manuscripts may be referred to as illuminated, illustrated or painted, though using essentially the same techniques as Western works.
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